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  LESSON NO. 25-ZERO ARTICLES: OMISSION OF ‘THE’ ARTICLES Subject English Grade 10 th We can`t but love flowers. (Generalization with plural) I can smell smoke here. (Uncountable Noun) The articles are not generally used: Rule#1: Before generalization with plural or uncountable nouns: Birds can fly in the sky. Note: But we use ‘the’ when we talk about specific things or people. Compare these sentences: (a)     Flowers really add beauty to ma room. (No article is used before ‘flowers’ in general.) (b)    The flowers you bought me are lovely.(‘The’ is used before particular flowers). Rule #2:   Before Proper Nouns: Karachi is the city of joy though there are many sufferings. Islam Abad is the capital of Pakistan for 60 years old. Shakespeare is a great Dramatist. Note: when the article is used before a proper noun, it becomes a common noun: A Shakespeare (= a dramatist) can`t be a Newton. (= a scientist). Rule #3:         Before Material Nouns: Gold is a

  LESSON NO. 26-USE OF DEFINITE ARTICLE’THE’ Subject English Grade 10 th An article is a word that modifies or describes the noun. It is used before the noun to show whether it refers to something specific or not. Definite: to be clear, exact or obvious about something. It is called definite because it is used in relation to a particular thing or person. “The” is the definite article in English, which is used to refer to particular noun. The definite article ‘the’ is used: Rule #1:   To indicate a particular person(s) or thing(s): Look at the boy/boys. He is/they are peculiarly dressed. I want ‘The Golden Book of Treasures’. The book is out-of-print. Rule #2:   Before a noun which has become definite by being mentioned a second time: It is also called ’Familiar The’ There is a tree in the garden. The tree is an oak. Rule #3:   Before a noun made definite by the addition of a phrase or clause: The girl with the white skirt is beautiful. The boy who came here is my