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  Verbs Subject English Grade VIII A verb is a word used for saying something about some person or thing. A verb is a word that tells or asserts something about a person or thing. A verb is a word that denotes being, having or doing something. Verbs are words which express action, existence or condition. A verb may tell us about an action, a state of being or existence or possession. A verb may tell us--- What a person or thing is: as; Mr Ali is a teacher. The cow is brown. Her shirt is white. What a person or thing has: as; Manila  has a pet dog. A chair has four legs. Some of the buried workers are still alive. This old car is on its last legs. What a person or thing does: as; Latif kicks a football. The clock strikes ten. They danced till three in the morning. They washed the room in the evening. Other words indicate a condition: as; Nadia is miserable after losing her dog. The new car looks beautiful. Some verbs may be used withou

  Helping Verbs (Modal & Auxiliaries Verbs) Subject English Grade VIII An auxiliary verb is a helping verb which is used to make the form of another verb. Auxiliary verbs are those verbs which help other verbs to form their tense, mood or voice. An auxiliary verb is a helping verb because it helps the Principal Verb. An Auxiliary verb is one which helps a Principal verb to form a tense or mood or voice. Hence it is also called a Helping Verbs. The verbs which are used independently without help from other verbs are called Principal Verbs or Main Verbs. Auxiliary Verbs or Helping Verbs are two types; as; Primary Auxiliaries or Tense Auxiliaries/ Modals Auxiliaries Primary Auxiliaries Modal Auxiliaries Be: be, is, am, are, was, were, been, being. Have: have, has, had, and having. do: do, does, did can, could, shall, should, will, would, may, might, must, need, dare, used (to) , ought (to) Full form of Verbs:

  Lesson Planning of Number Operation (Addition, Subtraction) Subject Mathematics Grade II Students` Learning Outcomes Solve real life problems (using Pakistani currency as well) involving addition, subtraction. Information for teachers Have a concept of “addenda” and “sum”. “Addenda” those quantities, to which we want toad, is plural for addendum. “Sum” result after adding quantities. By doing addition when things become more than ‘10’ in unit place we take ‘1’ as carry to tens or hundreds place respectively. When doing sums regarding subtraction if in unit place or tens of ‘minuend’ digits are smaller than ‘subtrahend’ take ‘1’ as borrow from tens or hundreds place digits and add ‘10’ in place of ‘1’ in unit and tens units. While teaching the lesson, the teacher should also consult textbook at all steps wherein and whenever it is applicable. Material / Resources Writing board, chalk/marker, duster, fake currency notes (money) of different values (4 sets), ma

  Lesson Planning of Number Operations (Commutative Property) Subject Mathematics Grade II Students` Learning Outcomes Verify commutative property with respect to addition (sum should not exceed 100). Information for Teachers The word “commutative” comes from “commute” or “move around”, so the commutative property is the one that refers to moving numbers or variable around. It states that changing the order of addends does n`t change the sum, as; in case of addition, the rule is “a + b = b + a”; this means 2 + 3 = 3 + 2. While teaching the lesson, the teacher should also consult textbook wherein and whenever it is required. Material / Resources Writing board, chalk/marker, duster, pointer, dice, 10 x 10 grid, number flashcards (1 digit) Introduction Give some number flashcards (up to 3 digits numbers) to students. Ask them to pick any two cards and find the sum. Development Activity 1 Give students two one-digit numbers Ask them to find their sum