LESSON PLAN OF KINDS OF PRONOUN

 

LESSON PLAN OF KINDS OF PRONOUN

SUBJECT ENGLISH

GRADE VIII

A pronoun is a word which is used in the place of a noun in the sentences. For example: he, she, it, I, we, you, they, someone, who, that, which, whom, what and whose. The word pronoun can do all of the things that noun can do in the sentences. These pronouns can be used as subjects, direct objects, indirect objects, object of the preposition, and more in the sentences.

Ali is a boy. He studies in our school.

2. Nasima is a girl. All like her. 

3. Rahim is a student. Who is going to school? 

Pronouns are divided into three people; as,

    1) First person; I, We, M, Us, My, Mine, Our, and ours

   2) Second Person: You, You, and Yours.

   3) Third Person: He, She, It, They, Them, Him, Her, His, Hers, Their, Theirs and Its. 

There are ten different kinds of Pronouns

Kinds of Pronouns	How to recognize them	Examples
(1)   Personal Pronouns	This is used instead of a person	I, we, you, he, she, they
(2)   Impersonal Pronouns	It is used for non-living things, lower animals, etc.	It (for inanimate object and lower animals).
(3)   Possessive Pronouns	It denotes possession.	Mine, ours, yours, his, hers, theirs,
(4)   Reflexive Pronouns & Emphatic Pronouns	These are formed by adding---self/selves.	Myself, ourselves, yourself, yourselves, himself, herself, themselves,
(5)   Demonstrative Pronouns	This is for a noun that has been already mentioned.	This, that, these, those, it. This is my house.
(6)   Indefinite Pronouns	This is used for a non-specific person or thing.	Any, one, anyone, some, someone, no one, any-body, somebody, no-body, many, everyone, all, anybody can take me home.
(7)   Distributive Pronouns	To refers to persons or things one at a time.	Each. Either, neither
(8)   Reciprocal Pronouns	To refers to reciprocal relation.	Each other, one another
(9) Interrogative Pronouns	At the beginning of a sentence for questioning.	Who, whose, whom, which, what,
(9)   Relative Pronouns	In the middle of a sentence to join two sentences by denoting relation to the antecedent.	Who, whose, whom, which, that. This is the boy who purchases first ticket.

Note- when a pronoun is used instead of a person, it is called a Personal Pronoun.

I-NUMBER AND CASE OF PERSONAL PRONOUN

Person	Number	Subjective (Nominative)	Objective (Objective	Possessive
1st person	Singular	I	Me	My, mine,
	Plural	We	Us	Our, ours
2nd person	Singular	You	You	Your, yours
	Plural	You	You	Your, yours
3rd person	Singular	He, she,	Him/her	His, her, hers
	Plural	They	Them	Their. theirs

Note- Though basic Pronouns, my, our, your, his, her and there are Possessives Adjectives for their function.

II-IMPERSONAL PRONOUNS

There is another type of Pronoun called Impersonal Pronoun e.g. ‘It’.

RULES FOR THE USE OF ‘IT’

We use ‘it’	Examples
(1)   For non-living things or an idea	It is a pen. Here is your book; take it. It is the opinion of the public.
(      (2)   For animals, unless we clearly wish to speak of them as male or female.	The horse fell and broke its leg.
(      (3)   For a young child, unless we clearly wish to refer to its sex.	When I saw the child, it was crying. The baby has torn its clothes,
(    (4)   To refer to some statement going before.	He told a lie and he knows it. He deserved his punishment as he knew it.
(    (5)   To give emphasis on the Noun or Pronoun following it.	It is you who are to be blamed.
(6 )   As Subject of an Impersonal Verb (=Impersonal it)	It is raining. It snows. It hails. It thunders. It seems to me.
(7)   For denoting weather or time (= preliminary it)	It is winter. It is fine weather. It
(    (8)   As a provisional Subject before the Verb ‘to be’ when the real Subject follows it.	It is easy to find fault. It is easy to say but hard to do. It is doubtful whether the play will continue.

 III-POSSESSIVES PRONOUNS

A Pronoun  is called Possessive Pronouns are: my, mine, our, ours, your, yours, his, her, hers, their, theirs, its

But in modern English : my, our, your, his, her, their ----when used attributively before nouns---are classified as Possessive Adjective or Pronominal Adjective. for example: my book, our home, your name, his house, her letter, etc. 

the alternative forms mine, ours, yours, hers, theirs are used as Possessive Pronouns. as;

1. This book is mine.

2. That horse is yours.

However, 'his' may be used both as a Possessive Adjective and as a Possessive Pronoun.as;

1. This is his book

2. This book is his. 

IV-REFLEXIVE PRONOUNS

Singular	Plural
I---Myself. You---Yourself He---himself. It---self	We---ourselves. You----yourselves. She----herself. They----themselves.

REFLEXIVE PRONOUN AND EMPHATIC PRONOUN                      

(i) We use Reflexive Pronouns when the Subject and Object refers to the same person or thing.as; 

a) I cut myself.

b) She blamed herself.

c) Naila is looking herself. 

d) You have hurt yourself. 

e) You have enjoyed yourself.

f) The prisoner hanged himself.

g) The refrigerator defrosts itself.

h) He spoke to himself.

i) She is ashamed of herself.

j) They gave themselves much trouble. 

Note- A Reflexive Pronoun is used as the Object of a Verb or of a Preposition. Hence it comes after a Verb or a Preposition. Sometimes a Reflexive Pronoun is used emphatically. And such an Emphatic Pronoun comes after the Subject or after the Object. We use a Reflexive Pronoun when an action turns back upon the Subject. We use an Emphatic Pronoun to give emphasis on the Subject or Object. 

(ii) Emphatic Pronouns are used to emphasis that the action is done by no one else. These are used just after the Subject or the Object. as;

I myself saw him (to) do it.    I will do it myself [= I shall do it.)

He himself said so. 

 

 V-RECIPROCAL PRONOUNS

This is used to refer to reciprocal relation, as; 

1. The two students like each other.

2. They hate each other. 

3. We should respect one another.

4. The two sisters should love each other. 

5. The brothers quarreled with each other.

 VI- INTERROGATIVE PRONOUNS

This is used at the beginning of a sentence for questioning. 

Which ?

Who ?

Whose ?

Whom ?

What ?

etc.

who is sitting in the room?

which of these books is yours?

Note- "Today 'who' is more usual than 'Whom', especially in spoken English." 

 (i) Who, Whom and Whose are used for indicating person: as,

  Who are you?, Whom do you like?, Who do you like?, Whose is this book? (here whose is interrogative Adjective)

(ii) Which is used for selecting a person or a thing: as; Which is your book?, Which is your friend?, Which of the picture is yours?,

(iii) What is used in general sense of asking: as; What is he?, What is your name?, What are you doing?

Note- In the following sentences Which and What are not interrogative Pronouns but Adjectives: as; What book do you want?, Which book is he reading?, Which way leads to the post-office?

Note_1- Who, Whom, Whose, Which and What are placed at the beginning of a sentence when they are used as interrogative Pronoun or  Interrogative Adjective.But Who, Whom, Whose, Which and What are usually placed in the middle of a sentence (after the antecedent) when they are used as a Relative Pronoun. 

(An Antecedent is a noun or pronoun or a noun-equivalent to which a pronoun refers)

Note_2- Interrogative Pronouns are sometimes used in the middle of the sentence in asking indirect question. as; I don`t know who is there. Tell me what you have done.