Lesson Planning of Adverb Clause

 

Lesson Planning of Adverb Clause

Subject English

Grade 8^th

Students` Learning Outcomes

• By the end of this unit students will know about what is adverb clause of time?

Information for Teachers

• A piece of speech that changes an adjective, verb, or another adverb is called an adverb. When the same function is performed by a clause, it is called an adverbial clause an adverbial clauses tells you how, when, where, why, to what extent, or under what conditions. Adverbial clauses perform the same function an adverb would do in a simple sentence. Clauses are also portion of a sentence and work for a purpose within that sentence. Adverbial clauses fulfill the same function that an adverb would fulfill in a simple sentence. These clauses give us information, for example, about the time, purpose or condition of the performance of the action communicated by the verb in the main sentence. Where is the adverb? What verb does it modify?
• Look at the following sentence:
•  Hassan will buy his plane ticket tomorrow.
• In the above sentence "tomorrow" gives us the time of the action of the verb.It tells us when Hassan will buy his plane ticket. Since it gives us information about the action of the verb, we call this type of word "adverb." Sometimes the tense (or the purpose, condition, etc.) of the action of the verb in the main clause is given to us on the basis of another action. That is, an action takes place before, after, or at the same time as another action. In this case, the information would be communicated in an adverbial (time) clause rather than in a single word.

1. Hassan will buy his plane ticket when he has money. In this case, what part of the sentence gives us the time of the buying action?In the above example, the time of the buy action is given by taking another action as a time reference. Instead of an adverb we have a clause that fulfills the same function as an adverb. It is an adverbial clause. The adverbial clause is linked to the main one through an adverbial conjunction or nexus. Common ties are: when, while, before, until, as, despite, unless, unless, if, provided, provided, because, like, since, etc.

• It usually denotes:

1. Time: They are introduced by subordinating conjunction like when, whereas, while, and before.
2. Place: They are introduced by subordinating conjunction like where, wherever, whence, and whither.
3. Cause or reason: They are introduced by subordinating conjunction like when, whereas, while, and before.
4. Effect or result: They start with subordinating conjunction like because, since, that, as, for etc. .

Note: “So or such” are used before “that” as principle clause, as;

He worked so hard that he won first position.

He is so miser that no one likes him.

5. Extent: They are introduced by subordinating conjunction like as far as, so far as, so – as.

6. Manner: They are introduced by like when, as, as if. .

7. Comparison: They are introduced by subordinating conjunction like:

(A) In positive degree: as – as, so – as, such – as.

(B)   In comparative degree : than

• They are introduced by subordinating conjunction like when, whereas, while, and before.

8. Contrast: They are introduced by like though, although

9. Condition: They are introduced by subordinating like if, unless, whether, in case, on condition, provided, supposing that.

• Note: sometimes, subordinating conjunction is omitted in the past conditional as;
• Had he come, he would have met me.
•  Had you worked hard, you would not have regretted.
• Where I the president, I would have improved the financial condition of the country.

  10. Purpose: They are introduced by subordinating conjunction like that, lest, so that, in order that.

11. Supposition or condition: They are introduced by subordinating conjunction like whomever, whatever, however, whether, even if.

Function of an Adverb Clause	Linking Words	Examples
Time	when	He came when I went out.
Place	where	He may go where he likes.
Cause or reason	because as	Ali will not go because he is ill. Or Ali will not go as he is ill.
Effect or result	that	He ran so fast that he got tired.
Extent	as far as	As far as I know, he is a noble fellow.
Manner	as as if	You play as you usually do. He yelled as if he were mad.
Condition	if	I shall support him if he likes.
Comparison	as –as than	Ahmad is as honest as his father (is.) He is wiser than you (are)
Contrast	though / although	Though he is rich, he is miser. Although he is weak, he ran fast.
Purpose	that, in order that	We read that we learn. We ran in order that we catch the train
Supposition or Concession	whatever however	. You can do whatever you like. I shall do it however you like.

Material / Resources

Writing board, chalk/marker, duster, pointer, English textbook

Introduction

• Write the word Adverb clause on the writing board.
• Ask one student to define it.
• Call another student and ask them what Adverb Clauses of Time is? (Expected answer would be as; they are introduced by subordinating conjunctions like: “where, wherever, whence, whither)
• Ask them to define Adverb Clauses of place. (Expected answer would be as; they are introduced by subordinating conjunctions like: “that, lest, so that, in order that)

Development

Activity 1

• Divide the class in groups
•  Write the following questions on the board and ask to join the sentences and make Adverb clauses;

1. He will run all the time. He will get exhausted soon. (Condition)
2. The iron is hot. Strike it now. (Time)
3. I worked hard. I spoiled my health (Result)
4. I know about him. He is honest. (Extent)
5. We work hard. We want to pass. (Purpose)
6. He could not pass. He did not work hard. (Cause or reason)
7. He is not intelligent. His sister is very intelligent. (Comparison)

Answer key Activity 1

1. If he runs all the time, he will get exhausted soon.
2. Strike while the iron is hot.
3. I worked so hard that I spoiled my health.
4. As far a I know, he is honest.
5. We work hard that we may pass.
6. He could not pass because he did not work hard.
7. He is not as intelligent as his sister.

Activity 2

• Now divide the class into pair and ask to study the following sentences carefully and tell which the adverbs clause is? Also tells its kind.

1. I waited for my friend until he arrived.
2. I shall forgive you only if you tell the reality.
3. Do not go until I get ready.
4. You must hurry otherwise you will miss the train.
5. His letter arrived after I had left home. 
6. I shall not go out if it rain.
7. They fought as heroes do. 

Answer key of Activity 2:

1. Time
2. Condition
3. Time
4. Time
5. Time
6. Condition
7. Manner

Conclusion/ Sum up

• Conclude the concept of Adverb Clause by repeating the information.

Assessment

• Pick out the Adverb clauses in the following sentences and tell the kind of each clause.

1. Had he arrived in time, I would have helped him.
2. The boy fled that no one could catch him.
3. She was so tired that she stopped work.
4. Even if he improves his behavior, I shall not forgive him.
5. Don`t leave until I order you.
6. you can join us, whenever you are free.
7. She speaks better Urdu than she writes.

Key answers of Activity 2

1. Had he arrived in time.                       (Condition)
2. That no one could catch him.             (Purpose)
3. That she stopped work.                      (effect & Result)
4. even if he improves his behaviour.    (Supposition)
5. Until I order you-                               (Time)
6. whenever you are free.                       (Time)    
7. Than she write.                                   (Condition)           

 Follow up

 Ask the students to supply suitable Adverb Clauses in the following sentence:

You can meet me_________________________. (Whenever/wherever you like)

I can`t help you __________________________.(Since you are cheat)