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  LESSON NO. 36- CONVERSION OF DIRECT INTERROGATIVE SENTENCES INTO INDIRECT SPEECH Subject English Grade 10 th Rules of change: (i)                If the direct speech is in interrogative sentence, Reporting Verbs such as say, tell etc. are changed into ask, esquire, want to know etc. in the indirect speech and the verb takes an object. (ii)           If the reported speech beginning with helping verb(is, am, are, was , were, do, does, did, has, have, had, will, would, can, could, shall, should, may, might, must) remove the inverted commas and use ‘if’ or ‘whether’ “that” is not used to join the reporting verb and reported speech. (iii)              If the direct speech begins with some ‘Wh’ question word, such as who, what, where, why, how, etc. these are retained in the indirect speech. (iv)              Helping verb should be put after the subject of the reported speech. (v)                But if the direct speech does n`t begin with such question words, if or whether is use

  LESSON NO. 35-CONVERSION OF IMPERATIVE SENTENCES BEGINNING WITH ‘LET’ FROM DIRECT TO INDIRECT SPEECH Subject English Grade 10 th (a)     When let express a proposal, the Reporting Verb is changed into ‘proposed’ or ‘suggested’ and ‘let’ is replaced by should. Moreover, the imperative form is changed into Assertive form with the linker ‘that’; as, (a)     If the word ‘let ‘denotes permission, it is changed into some phrase as  ‘might’ or ‘might be allowed’ or imply into the infinitive to let, or into some other form according to the sense; as, 

  LESSON NO. 34- CONVERSION OF OPTATIVE SENTENCES FROM DIRECT TO INDIRECT SPEECH Subject English Grade 10 th Rules: 1.    Optative sentences express wish or prayer. So Reporting Verbs in such sentences are changed into ‘wish’, pray’, desire’, ‘long for’, ‘yearn for’ etc. moreover, the Optative form is changed into Assertive form with the linker that in the indirect speech. 2.       Change the Reporting Verb said into wished or prayed. 3.       Use that to introduce the Reported Speech. 4.    Change the Optative Sentence into the Assertive Sentence and replace the sign of Exclamation (!) by a full stop (.) Examples: Direct Speech Indirect Speech 1.     I said to him, “May you be happy.” I wished that he might be happy. 2.   Mother said to me, “May God blesses you”. Mother prayed that God might (would) bless me. 3.    He said, “May his soul rest in peace.” He prayed that his soul might

  LESSON NO. 33-CONVERSION OF EXCLAMATORY SENTENCES FROM DIRECT TO INDIRECT SPEECH Subject English Grade 10 th Rules: 1.       Reported verb should be changed in the following manner:  2.       Inverted commas should be replaced by ‘that’. 3.       Change the Reporting Verb said into exclaimed, cried out, wished, prayed, confessed, applauded, called to witness, etc. 4.       The exclamatory sentence is turned into a statement and linker that is used in the indirect speech. 5.       If the exclamatory sentence begins with what or how to denote extreme emotion, it becomes great or very according to sense. Normally great is placed before a noun and very is placed before an Adjective e. 6.       Omit all the interjections and exclamations and cover their sense by means of suitable Adverbs or Adverb Phrases, such as, with joy, with sorrow, with regret, with impatience, with contempt, with delight, etc. 7.       Use the conjunction that to introduce the Reported Speech. 8.       If a

  LESSON NO. 32 INTERJECTIONS Subject English Grade 10 th     An interjection is a short word or phrase that shows sudden feeling or emotion.     An interjection is a word that is used to express some sudden feelings. Hurrah Oh Bravo Wonderful Alas Huh Hmm Bah Hello Interjections are frequently followed by an exclamation mark (!) which itself is used to express emotion. Examples; Go here > Go there! Hurrah! I have won a prize. Alas! She is dead Interjection may express: 1.       Joy:                       Hurrah!   Huzzah! Wao! 2.       Grief:                    Alas! Ah! Oh! 3.       Surprise:              Ha! What! Well! 4.       Approval:            Bravo! Great! Well done! 5.       Order:                 Hold! Quick! Ready! Examples: 1.       Hello! What are you doing here? 2.       Alas! My friend has died. 3.       Hurrah! We have won the match. 4.       Ah!